Sumptuary Laws and Social Hierarchy


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Sumptuary Laws and Social Hierarchy

SUMPTUARY LAWS AND SOCIAL HIERARCHY:

  • In medieval Europe, detailed laws regarding the dress code were imposed upon members of different sections of societies.
  • From about 1294 to 1789 (France Revolution), the people of France were expected to strictly follow the Sumptuary Laws. The laws tried to control the behavior of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain areas.
  • In medieval France, the materials to be used for clothing were legally prescribed. Only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine, fur, silk, velvet and brocade.
  • Not all Sumptuary Laws were meant to emphasize social hierarchy, some laws were passed to protect home production against imports. For example, a law passed in 16th century England compelled all persons over six years of age except those of high position to wear woolen caps made in England.
  • This law lasted for 26 years and was very useful in building up to English woolen industry.
  • End of Sumptuary Laws:

  • The French Revolution ended the dress distinctions between the rich and the poor, as it completely removed the Sumptuary Laws.
  • Members of Jacobin clubs called themselves as 'sans-culottes (without knee breeches). The fashionable knee breeches' were used by the aristocracy. Both men and women began wearing clothing that was loose and comfortable.
  • Blue, white and red became popular colours of France, as they were a sign of the patriotic citizen. Other political symbols too became a part of dress like the red cap of liberty, long trousers and the revolutionary cockade which was pinned on to a hat.
  • The simplicity of clothing was meant to express the idea of equality.
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